The spine consists of stacked vertebrae. Discs between vertebrae cushion them and allow for movement without friction.

Herniated discs are ruptured or "slipped discs." The entire disc may not be ruptured or slipped. It may be only a small area that is affected. The tough outer layer of cartilage cracks allowing inner (soft) cartilage to protrude out of the disc.

Bulging discs occur when the inner portion of the disc pushes against the outer cartilage and causes the perimeter (at least a quarter to half) to bulge. Bulging discs are a degenerative and often age-related condition.

Signs and Symptoms

• Pain
• Muscle weakness or spasms
• Overactive reflexes
• Sensation of "pins and needles"
• Uncomfortable tingling and burning
• Numbness in the foot, hand, or leg
• Stiff neck